Distances in Australia can be deceiving... to properly visit and allow yourself enough time to see everything while you are here, you should allow yourself approximately 3-4 days in the South West/Margaret River Wine Region.
For more detailed information you can visit Tourism WA or for more specific Margaret River information visit MRBTA.
Perth airport to Busselton = 228km (2hr 30mins)
Busselton to Margaret River = 49.7km (38 mins)
Margaret River to Augusta = 42.8km (30 mins)
Augusta to Pemberton = 125km (1hr 45 mins)
Pemberton to Walpole = 120km (1hr 24mins)
Walpole to Albany = 120km (1hr 27mins)
Albany to Esperance = 481km (4hr 56mins)